Note
It's important to note that the design and processes can vary based on factors such as source water quality, treatment objectives, and regulations. The mentioned steps provide a general overview of the typical processes involved in purifying river water for various applications.
PROCESS
⸺ Intake
Water is extracted from the river using intake structures that prevent large debris from entering the treatment plant.
⸺ Screening
The water passes through screens or grates to remove large objects like twigs, leaves, and debris.
⸺ Coagulation and Flocculation
Chemical coagulants are added to destabilize suspended particles, promoting the formation of larger particles called flocs, which are easier to remove in subsequent steps.
⸺ Sedimentation
The water settles in basins or tanks, allowing the flocs to settle to the bottom, removing suspended solids and some organic matter.
⸺ Filtration
The clarified water passes through filters like sand or multimedia filters, removing smaller particles and impurities through physical and chemical mechanisms.
⸺ Disinfection
Chlorine or other disinfectants are added to kill or inactivate bacteria, viruses, and pathogens present in the water.
⸺ PH Adjustment
If necessary, chemicals are added to adjust the water's pH to the desired range.
⸺ Advanced Treatment
Additional treatment processes like membrane filtration, activated carbon adsorption, or advanced oxidation may be used depending on water quality and specific requirements.
⸺ Filtration
The clarified water passes through filters like sand or multimedia filters, removing smaller particles and impurities through physical and chemical mechanisms.